Surgical management of 43 cases of chronic otitis externa in the dog

Table 1 Causes of otitis externa

Primary factors	Predisposing factors	Perpetuating factors
Hypersensitivity diseases	Ear canal conformation	Bacteria
External parasites	Temperature and humidity	Yeasts
Foreign bodies	Obstructive ear disease	Contact allergy and irritants
Disorders of keratinisation	Ear canal maceration	Proliferative changes
Autoimmune disease	Systemic disease	Otitis media
Juvenile cellulitis		Inappropriate treatment

ISSN: 2046-0481