Effect of liner design, pulsator setting, and vacuum level on bovine teat tissue changes and milking characteristics as measured by ultrasonography

Table 2a Interaction of cluster type, pulsator ratio, pulsation pattern on teat tissue changes (mm), mean milk yield (kg) and mean milking time (seconds) with mid-level milking - Experiment 2

	Cluster type			Pulsator ratio			Pulsation pattern			Cluster × ratio	Cluster × pattern	Ratio × pattern
	WB	NB	s.e.d	60:40	67:33	s.e.d	2 × 2	4 × 1	s.e.d	P-value	P-value	P-value
Canal length	2.81	2.78	0.20	2.83	2.76	0.20	2.72	2.87	0.48	0.03	0.65	0.38
Teat diameter	1.34^a	-0.00^d	0.19	0.70	0.65	0.19	0.65	0.69	0.19	0.01	0.67	0.20
Cistern diameter	-8.12^a	-7.64^d	0.34	-7.70	-8.06	0.34	7.73	8.03	0.34	0.13	0.97	0.01
Wall thickness	3.65^a	2.70^d	0.13	3.03^a	3.32^b	0.04	3.09	3.27	0.13	0.16	0.14	0.00
Teat length	10.34	9.46	0.78	10.14	9.66	0.78	10.02	9.79	0.78	0.66	0.22	0.61
Mean milk yield	17.21^a	16.14^d	0.21	16.44^a	16.91^b	0.21	16.84	16.51	0.21	1.00	0.36	0.42
Mean milking time	484^a	608^d	12.94	565.5^a	526.6^c	12.94	552.8	539.3	12.94	0.07	0.87	0.95

s.e.d: standard error difference
Values with different superscripts, within rows, for cluster type, pulsator ratio and pulsation pattern differ significantly, ^ab P < 0.05, ^ac P < 0.01, ^ad P < 0.001.

ISSN: 2046-0481