A review of the renal system and diurnal variations of renal activity in livestock

Table 2 Mean values (or range of values) of diurnal variations of selected indicators of renal activity in some species of livestock. Acrophase is the peak value. Batyphase is the minimum value. GFR - (ml/min/m²); C_Na, C_K, C_Cl, CH₂O (ml/min/m²); TR_Na, TR_K, TR_Cl (%); diuresis (ml/min/m²); and, Uosm (mmol/kg H₂O).

	Species	Acrophase		Batyphase		References [n - numbers of animals]
		clock time (hr) or midnight period	Mean value	clock time (hr) or midnight period	Mean value
GFR	goats	13:40 hr	61.9-62.3	at night	41.2-51.6	Muszczynski [35]; [n = 12]
	goat kids	10:00 hr	46.4	at night	24.6	Vogel [63]; [n = 12]
	calves	In the day	60.39	at night	49.99	Skrzypczak et al. [50]; [n = 6]
P_Na, _PK, P_Cl	goats			constant		Muszczynski [35]
P _Na		20:00 hr
P _K	calves	08:30 hr				Skotnicka et al. [44]; [n = 10]
P _Cl		constant
TR _Na		22.00 hr	99.8	12.00 hr	94.44
TR _K	goats	03.00 hr	82.92	12.00 hr	75.94	Muszczynski [35]
TR _Cl		constant	97.21-98.92
TR _Na		in the day		at night
TR _K	calves	at night		in the day		Skrzypczak [51]
TR _Cl		in the day		at night
C _Na		12:00 hr	0.08		0.35
C _K	goats	14:00 hr	7.86	03.00 hr	14.4	Muszczynski [35]
C _Cl		17:020 hr	0.65		1.24
CH ₂ O		12:00 hr
C _Na			0.17		0.08
C _K	goat kids	in the day	15.0	in the evening	11.0	Vogel [63]
C _Cl			0.52		0.33
F _Na , F _K , F _Cl	goats	14.00 hr				Muszczynski [35]
*(UV)** _Na		13.00 hr
*(UV)** _K	goats	14.00 hr		03.00 hr		Muszczynski [35]
*(UV)** _Cl		16.00 hr
*(UV)H** ₂ O		13.30 hr
*(UV)** _K	calves			at night		Skrzypczak [51]
Diuresis	goats	in the day	1.26	at night	0.39	Muszczynski [35]
	goat kids	in the day	1.32	in the evening	0.62	Vogel [63]
Uosm	goats	at night	1245.9	in the day	828.7	Muszczynski [35]
	goat kids	at night	367	in the day	215	Vogel [63]

ISSN: 2046-0481