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Table 1 Classification of odontoid process fractures of the second cervical vertebrae in the horse [1]. The table is a proposed equine adaptation of a human classification scheme

From: Conservative treatment of a comminuted cervical fracture in a racehorse

Type I

An oblique fracture line through the upper part of the

odontoid process representing an avulsion fracture

Type II

A fracture at the junction between the odontoid

process and the body of the axis

Type IIA

Similar to type II but with fragments of bone present

at the fracture site

Type III

A fracture that extends down into the cancellous

bone of the body of the axis and, in reality, is a

fracture of the body of C2