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Table 1 The results of immunohistochemical examination in studied dogs

From: The immunohistochemical evaluation of selected markers in the left atrium of dogs with end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy and myxomatous mitral valve disease – a preliminary study

Examined feature

DCM

MMVD

control

p-value

DES intensity; median (range)

1 (1–2)1

2 (1–3)

2 (2–3)1

1 0.006

DES %; average ± SD

85.8 ± 10.9

84.8 ± 9.3

82.2 ± 8.6

 

DES Remmele; median (range)

4 (3–8)1, 2

6 (4–9) 1

7 (6–10)2

1 0.03

2 0.001

DES desmosomes; median (range)

0 (0–3)1

2 (0–3)

2 (1–3)1

1 0.02

VIM intensity; median (range)

3 (2–3)

3 (2–3)

2 (2–3)

 

VIM %; average ± SD

15.3 ± 6.31,2

10.99 ± 5.71

10.5 ± 1.972

1 0.03

20.02

VIM Remmele; median (range)

4 (2–6)

3 (2–6)

4 (3–5)

 

PER intensity; median (range)

1 (0–2)

1 (1–2)

1 (1–1)

 

PER %; average ± SD

27.96 ± 27.61

46.4 ± 28.5

67.76 ± 9.71

1 0.03

PER Remmele; median (range)

2 (0–3)

3 (1–4)

3 (3–3)

 

CAS intensity; median (range)

1 (0–2)

1 (1–2)

1 (1–2)

 

CAS %; average ± SD

46.9 ± 25.11,2

73.6 ± 24.91

84.6 ± 8.92

1 0.01

2 0.01

CAS Remmele; median (range)

3 (1–4)1,2

4 (1–7)1

4 (3–9)2

1 0.01

2 0.01

  1. DES desmin, VIM vimentin, PER periostin, CAS caspase, SD standard deviation, DCM dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy, MMVD dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease; superscripts (1,2) indicate values showing significant statistical difference.
  2. All the cell markers were evaluated for: the intensity of expression (scored from 0: no expression to 3: strong expression), the percentage of cells showing positive expression, as well as the Remmele score (scored from 0 to 12, taking into account both the intensity of expression and percentage of positive cells). Additionally the cardiomyocyte desmosomes were evaluated for desmin expression from 0 (no visible desmosomes) to 3 (well visible desmosomes)