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Table 2 Details of the pre-operative venous blood gas analysis of an 8 week-old calf with bladder rupture. Reference intervals were taken from Dillane et al. [24]

From: Use of adrenaline continuous infusion to treat hypotension during general anaesthesia in a cow and a calf

Variables

Reference values

Admission venous blood gas

Pre-operative venous blood gas

pH

7.37–7.47

7.41

7.35

PvCO2(kPa)

5.77–7.82

6.54

7.01

Bicarbonate (mmol/L)

28.0–36.9

30.4

28.6

Base excess (mmol/L)

+  2.6 to + 10.8

+  5.7

+ 2.6

Lactate (mmol/L)

0.42–0.75

3.22

2.16

Sodium (mmol/L)

133.3–140.2

134.9

132.4

Potassium (mmol/L)

4.13–5.41

6.31

4.85

Ionized calcium (mmol/L)

1.17–1.37

1.02

1.11

Chloride (mmol/L)

93–101

96

95

Glucose (mmol/L)

3.9–8.4

2.6

8.7

  1. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in venous blood (PvCO2)