Table 1 The univariable association between potential risk factors and BTV seropositivity among camels in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan using the chi-square test
Factor | Variable | Animals tested | Animals affected (%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Section | West | 98 | 67 (68.3%) | |
South | 55 | 49 (89.0%) | 0.004* | |
North | 45 | 37 (82.2%) | ||
North East | 12 | 12 (100%) | ||
Locality | Halfa | 20 | 16 (80%) | |
Western Kassala | 78 | 51 (65.3%) | ||
Khashm Ghirba | 9 | 7 (77.7%) | ||
Wad Al Helew | 25 | 25 (100%) | 0.003* | |
Aroma | 12 | 12 (100%) | ||
Northern Delta | 33 | 25 (75.7%) | ||
Telkuk | 12 | 12 (100%) | ||
Rural Kassala | 21 | 17 (80.9%) | ||
Sex | Female | 82 | 80 (97.5%) | 0.000* |
Male | 128 | 85 (66.4%) | ||
Age (year) | 1 | 23 | 17 (73.9%) | 0.366 |
> 1 | 187 | 148 (79.1%) | ||
Breed | Bushari | 208 | 163 (78.3%) | 0.617 |
Anafi | 2 | 2 (100%) | ||
Season | Rainy | 109 | 77 (70.6%) | |
Summer | 38 | 37 (97.3%) | 0.002* | |
Winter | 63 | 51 (80.9%) | ||
Herd Size | Small | 45 | 40 (88.8%) | 0.057 |
Medium | 165 | 125 (75.7%) | ||
Ecology | Rich Savana | 133 | 100 (75.1%) | 0.080 |
Savana | 77 | 65 (84.4%) | ||
Water source | Canal | 20 | 16 (80%) | |
Hafeer | 78 | 51 (65.3%) | ||
Atbara river | 35 | 33 (94.2%) | 0.000* | |
Water station | 6 | 2 (33.3%) | ||
Seasonal river | 28 | 27 (96.4%) | ||
wells | 43 | 36 (83.7%) |