Table 1 Prevalence of MRSA in veterinarian personnel and animal workers reported in studies conducted worldwide
Study | Year conducted | Country | Prevalence | N | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Chen et al., 2020) [65] | 2019 | China | 31.71% | 41 | Veterinarians (veterinary hospitals) |
(Schmidt et al., 2020) [66] | Aug 2018-Jan 2019 | Switzerland | 7.07% | 99 | Veterinary personnel from animal companion clinics |
(Kittl et al., 2020) [67] | 2017 | Switzerland | 5.13% | 156 | Farmers |
(Kittl et al., 2020) [67] | 2017 | Switzerland | 6.60% | 212 | Veterinarians |
(Neradova et al., 2020) [68] | 2017 | Czech Republic | 6.72% | 134 | Veterinary personnel |
(Taus et al., 2019) [69] | 2017 | Austria | 13.40% | 261 | Veterinarians |
(Taus et al., 2019) [69] | 2017 | Austria | 38.30% | 47 | Swine veterinarians |
(Taus et al., 2019) [69] | 2017 | Austria | 7.90% | 214 | Non-swine veterinarians |
(Verkola et al., 2019) [70] | 2016 | Finland | 0.30% | 320 | Veterinarians |
(Tabatabaei et al., 2019) [71] | Nov 2012—Mar 2013 | Iran | 4.00% | 50 | Veterinary personnel |
(Sun et al., 2017) [72] | 2012 | USA | 9.50% | 66 | Swine veterinarians |
(Wang et al., 2017) [61] | Nov 2013-Nov 2014 | China | 5.10% | 335 | Farmers and veterinarians (pig-related workers) |
(Mroczkowska et al., 2017) [60] | Aug 2010-Nov 2012 | Poland | 3.20% | 283 | Pig farmers |
(Mroczkowska et al., 2017) [60] | Aug 2010-Nov 2012 | Poland | 10.50% | 38 | Veterinarians |
(Post et al., 2017) [73] | 2013 | Worldwide | 5.00% | 60 | Veterinary surgeons |
(Walter et al., 2016) [74] | 2008–2009 | Germany | 9.00% | 695 | Veterinarian attending to different species |
(Walter et al., 2016) [74] | 2008–2009 | Germany | 8.53% | 516 | Veterinarian in contact with cattle |
(Walter et al., 2016) [74] | 2008–2009 | Germany | 14.52% | 365 | Veterinarian in contact with pigs |
(Steinman et al., 2015) [75] | 2012 | Israel | 16.90% | 59 | Staff members of a veterinary hospital |
(Verkade et al., 2014) [76] | Jul 2008-Dec 2009 | The Netherlands | 44.00% | 137 | Veterinarians |
(Wettstein Rosenkranz et al., 2014) [77] | 2012 | Switzerland | 2.73% | 146 | Veterinarians of small animals |
(Wettstein Rosenkranz et al., 2014) [77] | 2012 | Switzerland | 6.45% | 31 | Veterinarians of large animals |
(Wettstein Rosenkranz et al., 2014) [77] | 2012 | Switzerland | 4.50% | 111 | Veterinarians of general practice |
(Ishihara et al., 2014) [78] | 2008 | Japan | 22.90% | 96 | Veterinarian for dog and cats |
(Ishihara et al., 2014) [78] | 2008 | Japan | 10.00% | 70 | Veterinarian technician for dog and cats |
(Paterson et al., 2013) [79] | 2011 | UK | 2.60% | 307 | Cattle Veterinarians (Mostly) |
(Boost et al., 2013) [80] | Not specified | Hong Kong, China | 5.60% | 300 | Pork butchers |
(Schwaber et al., 2013) [81] | 2010 | Israel | 50.00% | 20 | Full-time equine staff |
(Schwaber et al., 2013) [81] | 2010 | Israel | 4.55% | 22 | Community equine veterinarians |
(Garcia-Graells et al., 2012) [82] | 2010 | Belgium | 8.90% | 105 | Livestock veterinarians |
(Garcia-Graells et al., 2012) [82] | 2010 | Denmark | 2.10% | 97 | Livestock veterinarians |
(Paul et al., 2011) [83] | 2010 | Italy | 1.60% | 128 | Small animal dermatologists |
(Jordan et al., 2011) [84] | 2009 | Australia | 4.80% | 250 | Dog and cat veterinarians |
(Jordan et al., 2011) [84] | 2009 | Australia | 21.35% | 89 | Horse veterinarians |
(Jordan et al., 2011) [84] | 2009 | Australia | 8.33% | 12 | Pig veterinarians |
(Zhang et al., 2011) [85] | 2008–2009 | China | 1.96% | 51 | Small animal veterinary staff |
(Horgan et al., 2011) [86] | 2008 | Ireland | 2.00% | 100 | Pig Health Society Symposium attendees |
(Ben Slama et al., 2011) [87] | 2008–2009 | Tunisia | 1.20% | 83 | Veterinarian students or staff, farmers and abattoir workers |
(Ishihara et al., 2010) [88] | 2007 | Japan | 25.00% | 20 | Veterinarians |
(Ishihara et al., 2010) [88] | 2008 | Japan | 23.50% | 34 | Veterinarians |
(Ishihara et al., 2010) [88] | 2007 | Japan | 11.96% | 92 | Veterinary personnel |
(Ishihara et al., 2010) [88] | 2008 | Japan | 7.87% | 127 | Veterinary personnel |
(Huber et al., 2010) [62] | 2009 | Switzerland | 0.00% | 148 | Pig farmers |
(Huber et al., 2010) [62] | 2009 | Switzerland | 3.01% | 133 | Veterinarians |
(Huber et al., 2010) [62] | 2009 | Switzerland | 0.00% | 179 | Slaughterhouse employees |
(Burstiner et al., 2010) [89] | 2008 | USA | 17.30% | 341 | Veterinary surgeons and technicians |
(Boost et al., 2011) [90] | Not specified | Hong Kong, China | 0.67% | 150 | Veterinary personnel |
(Heller et al., 2009) [91] | Not specified | Scotland, UK | 3.13% | 64 | Small animal hospital staff members |
(Zemlicková et al., 2009) [92] | 2008 | Czech Republic | 0.70% | 280 | 261 Veterinary professionals (veterinarian and technician); 19 Pharmacist |
(Meemken et al., 2008) [93] | 2007 | Germany | 23.26% | 86 | Veterinarians, laboratory personnel and meat inspection personnel |
(Moodley et al., 2008) [94] | Aug 2006-Feb 2007 | Denmark | 3.90% | 231 | Veterinarians (small and large animals) |
(Moodley et al., 2008) [94] | Aug 2006-Feb 2008 | Denmark | 0.00% | 98 | Farmers |