Table 1 Antimicrobial resistance and virulence pheno and genotype distribution in conventional and free-range broiler enterococci and in the genomic clusters
Conventional (n = 18) (%) | Free-range (n = 16) (%) | P value | E. faecium cluster A (n = 10) (%) | E. faecium cluster B (n = 11) (%) | E. faecalis cluster (n = 10) (%) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antimicrobial resistance | ||||||||
Phenotype | TE | 14 (77.7%) | 14 (87.5%) | N.S. | 6 (60%) | 10 (90.9%) | 9 (90%) | N.S |
E | 10 (55.6%) | 6 (37.5%) | N.S. | 3 (30%) | 8 (72.7%) | 5 (50%) | N.S. | |
CN | 9 (50%) | 7 (43.8%) | N.S. | 4 (40%) | 5 (45.5%) | 7 (70%) | N.S. | |
P | 6 (33.3%) | 1 (6.25%) | N.S. | 6 (60%) | 0 | 1 (10%) | 0.002 | |
VAN | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | |
Genotype | tet(M) | 9 (50%) | 9 (56.25%) | N.S. | 3 (30%) | 5 (45.5%) | 7 (70%) | N.S. |
erm(B) | 8 (44.4%) | 4 (25%) | N.S. | 2 (20%) | 5 (45.5%) | 4 (40%) | N.S. | |
aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia | 5 (27.7%) | 1 (6.25%) | N.S. | 1 (10%) | 2 (18.2%) | 3 (30%) | N.S. | |
pbp5 | 6 (33.3%) | 1 (6.25%) | N.S. | 6 (60%) | 0 | 1 (10%) | 0.002 | |
Virulence | ||||||||
Phenotype | Hemolytic activity | 6 (33.3%) | 3 (18.75%) | N.S. | 6 (60%) | 1 (9.1%) | 0 | 0.004 |
Gelatinase activity | 8 (44.4%) | 9 (56.25%) | N.S. | 1 (10%) | 9 (81.8%) | 6 (60%) | 0.003 | |
Genotype | cylA | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
gelE | 15 (83.3%) | 13 (81.25%) | N.S. | 7 (70%) | 10 (90.9%) | 10 (100%) | N.S. | |
esp | 0 | 1 (6.25%) | N.S. | 0 | 1 (9.1%) | 0 | N.S. | |
agg | 0 | 1 (6.25%) | N.S. | 0 | 1 (9.1%) | 0 | N.S. | |