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Fig. 1 | Irish Veterinary Journal

Fig. 1

From: N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide levels in normotensive and hypertensive dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease stage B

Fig. 1

Thoracic radiographic and echocardiographic images of a dog with MMVD stage B. a Marked left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) enlargements are observed. Measurement of the vertebral heart score (VHS). b The LA-to-aortic root ratio (LA/AO ratio: LA size divided by AO diameter) is measured at maximal LA size (end of ventricular systole) on a short-axis 2Dimage. c M-mode of the LV, measurement of LV internal dimension at end-diastole. d Mitral valve degeneration is seen in this 2D image. e Mitral valve regurgitation velocity (MR) on continuous-wave Doppler from a left long-axis 2D image. f E peak/A peak ratio on pulsed-wave Doppler from a left long-axis 2D image. LVIDd, Left ventricular internal diameter end diastole; E peak, peak mitral inflow velocity during early diastole; A peak, peak mitral inflow velocity at atrial contraction; LVPWd, Left ventricular posterior wall end-diastolic thickness

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Irish Veterinary Journal

ISSN: 2046-0481