Table 1 Univariate analysis for the association between potential risk factors and RVF seropositivity among camels in Khartoum State of Sudan using Chi-square test
Risk factors | Animals tested | Animals affected (%) | df | χ2 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Locality | 3 | 0.48 | 0.37 | ||
East Nile | 60 | 8 (13.3 %) | |||
Bahry | 60 | 4 (6.7 %) | |||
Omdurman | 60 | 7 (11.7 %) | |||
Ombadda | 60 | 4 (6.7 %) | |||
Age | 1 | 0.03 | 0.031 | ||
Small | 53 | 1 (1.9 %) | |||
Old | 187 | 22 (11.8 %) | |||
Sex | 1 | 0.70 | 0.48 | ||
Female | 202 | 20 (9.9 %) | |||
Male | 38 | 3 (7.9 %) | |||
Breed | 2 | 0.78 | 0.82 | ||
Western | 116 | 12 (10.3 %) | |||
Anafi | 19 | 1 (5.3 %) | |||
Bushari | 105 | 10 (9.5) | |||
Body condition | 2 | 0.35 | 0.80 | ||
Emaciation | 3 | 1 (33.3 %) | |||
Thin | 82 | 7 (8.5 %) | |||
Fat | 155 | 15 (9.7) | |||
Farm yard | 1 | 0.085 | 0.065 | ||
In door | 126 | 16 (12.7 %) | |||
Out door | 114 | 7 (6.1 %) | |||
Grazing system | 1 | 0.73 | 0.48 | ||
Stationary | 181 | 18 (9.9 %) | |||
Nomadic | 59 | 5 (8.5 %) | |||
Herd size | 2 | 0.69 | 0.47 | ||
Small | 28 | 2 (7.1 %) | |||
Medium | 19 | 1 (5.3 %) | |||
Large | 193 | 20 (10.4 %) | |||
Mosquitoes present | 1 | 0.063 | 0.047 | ||
No | 84 | 4 (4.8 %) | |||
Yes | 156 | 19 (12.2 %) | |||
Mosquitoes control | 1 | 0.78 | 0.518 | ||
No | 193 | 19 (9.8 %) | |||
Yes | 47 | 4 (8.5 %) | |||
Rain fall | 1 | 0.008 | 0.005 | ||
Low | 93 | 3 (3.2 %) | |||
High | 147 | 20 (13.6 %) | |||
Vegetation | 1 | 0.35 | 0.24 | ||
Low | 124 | 14 (11.3 %) | |||
High | 116 | 9 (7.8 %) | |||
Water bond | 1 | 0.18 | 0.13 | ||
No | 125 | 15 (12 %) | |||
Yes | 115 | 8 (7 %) |