Table 1 Perioperative anaesthetic and analgesic management, monitoring values and complications in seven dogs undergoing spinal surgery
From: Thoracolumbar retrolaminar block in seven dogs undergoing spinal surgery
Case 1 | Case 2 | Case 3 | Case 4 | Case 5 | Case 6 | Case 7 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Signalment | 4-year-old Jack Russel terrier mix, male | 4-year-old Jack Russel terrier mix, male neutered | 9-year-old Jack Russel terrier mix, female spayed | 6-year-old Dachshund, male neutered | 5-year-old terrier, male neutered | 5-year-old Dachshund, female spayed | 6-year-old Pekingese, male neutered |
Weight (kg) | 5.5 | 7.7 | 12 | 12.2 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 12.5 |
ASA physical status classification | 2 | 2E | 2E | 2E | 2E | 2E | 2E |
Reason for surgery | T13-L1 L-sided IVDE | L1-L2 R-sided IVDE | T11-T12 L-sided IVDE | T11-T12 L-sided IVDE | T12-T13 L-sided IVDE | T12-T13 R-sided IVDE | T13-L1 L-sided IVDE |
Body condition score | 4/9 | 7/9 | 5/9 | 7/9 | 7/9 | 6/9 | 4/9 |
Premedication | Methadone (0.3 mg/kg) IV & medetomidine (4 μg/kg) IV | Methadone (0.3 mg/kg) IV & medetomidine (1 μg/kg) IV | Methadone (0.2 mg/kg) IV & medetomidine (1 μg/kg) IV | Methadone (0.3 mg/kg) IM & ketamine (2 mg/kg) IM & acepromazine (3 μg/kg) IM | Methadone (0.3 mg/kg) IM & ketamine (1 mg/kg) IM & acepromazine (3 μg/kg) IM | Methadone (0.3 mg/kg) IV & medetomidine (2 μg/kg) IV | Methadone (0.3 mg/kg) IV & medetomidine (1 μg/kg) IV & maropitant (1 mg/kg) IV |
Induction | Propofol (3 mg/kg) IV & ketamine (2 mg/kg) IV | Propofol (2.5 mg/kg) IV & ketamine (2 mg/kg) IV | Propofol (1.5 mg/kg) IV & ketamine (2 mg/kg) IV | Propofol (2.8 mg/kg) IV | Propofol (4 mg/kg) IV & ketamine (2 mg/kg) IV | Propofol (2 mg/kg) IV & ketamine (2 mg/kg) IV | Propofol (2 mg/kg) IV & ketamine (2 mg/kg) IV |
Maintenance | Sevoflurane in 100% O2 | Sevoflurane in 100% O2 | Sevoflurane in 100% O2 | Sevoflurane in 100% O2 | Sevoflurane in 100% O2 | Sevoflurane in 100% O2 | Sevoflurane in 100% O2 |
Retrolaminar block (RLB) | T13 (left) RLB with bupivacaine 0.25% (2 mg/kg) | L1 (left) RLB with bupivacaine 0.25% (2 mg/kg) | T11 (left) RLB with bupivacaine 0.25% (2 mg/kg) | T11 (right) RLB with bupivacaine 0.25% (2 mg/kg) | T12 (left) RLB with bupivacaine 0.25% (2 mg/kg) | T12 (right) RLB with bupivacaine 0.25% (2 mg/kg) | T13 (left) RLB with bupivacaine 0.25% (2 mg/kg |
Intraoperative rescue analgesia | None | Fentanyl (2 μg/kg) IV once | None | None | None | None | None |
0.1 mg/kg morphine “splash” on the spinal canal prior to closure | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
EtSevo (%) | 1.6–2.5 | 1.7–2.2 | 1.6–2.2 | 1.9–2.2 | 1.6–2.3 | 1.5–2.5 | 1.3–1.9 |
HR (bpm) | 71–125 | 38–103 | 48–90 | 68–136 | 55–87 | 25–87 | 55–98 |
Blood pressure monitoring | NIBP | IBP | IBP | IBP | IBP | NIBP | NIBP |
MAP (mmHg) measured by NIBP or IBP | 62–108 NIBP | 67–140 IBP | 78–94 IBP | 65–122 IBP | 73–94 IBP | 50–110 NIBP | 54–83 NIBP |
Intraoperative complications | Hypotension, bradycardia, hypothermia | Hypotension, bradycardia, hypothermia | Bradycardia, hypothermia | 2nd degree AV block, hypothermia | Bradycardia, hypothermia | Hypotension, bradycardia, hypothermia | Hypotension, bradycardia, hypothermia |
Treatment of intraoperative complications | Glycopyrrolate 10 μg/kg IV | Glycopyrrolate 10 μg/kg IV | None required | Glycopyrrolate 10 μg/kg IV | None required | Glycopyrrolate 10 μg/kg IV & dobutamine CRI 1–2 μg/kg/min | Glycopyrrolate 10 μg/kg IV |
Body temperature during the RLB block (°C) | 35.5 | 36.2 | 36.0 | 36.2 | 35.3 | 36.6 | 36.1 |
Postoperative analgesia | Methadone (0.2 mg/kg) IV q4h for 48 h, meloxicam, paracetamol | Methadone (0.2 mg/kg) IV q4h for 48 h, meloxicam, paracetamol | Methadone (0.2 mg/kg) IV q4h for 48 h, meloxicam, paracetamol | Methadone (0.2 mg/kg) IV q4h for 48 h, meloxicam, paracetamol | Methadone (0.2 mg/kg) IV q4h for 48 h, robenacoxib, paracetamol | Methadone (0.2 mg/kg) IV q4h for 48 h, paracetamol | Methadone (0.2 mg/kg) IV q4h for 48 h, meloxicam, paracetamol |
Total length of GA (min) | 155 (had MRI on the previous day) | 251 | 237 | 195 | 180 | 185 | 270 |
Time from induction to the first incision (min) | 132 | 141 | 128 | 103 | 131 | 130 | 173 |
Range of GCMPS-SF scores (first 48 h) | 1–6/20 | 1–4/20 | 2–4/20 | 1–2/20 | 1–2/20 | 1–2/20 | 2–4/20 |
Duration of hospitalisation | 5 days | 5 days | 11 days | 8 days | 5 days | 4 days | 2 days |